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What is mitosis?

Mitosis is nuclear division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth, repair and asexual reproduction.

Mitosis explained

DNA replicates during interphase, then chromosomes line up at the equator, separate to opposite poles and form two identical nuclei before the cytoplasm divides.
Meiosis, by contrast, halves the chromosome number and creates genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.

Key formula

1 diploid cell → 2 identical diploid cells

Worked example

Skin cells divide by mitosis to replace those lost from the surface each day.

Examiner tip

Say 'genetically identical' rather than 'the same' — identical genetic content is the specific marking point.

Mitosis: common questions

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis makes two identical diploid cells; meiosis makes four genetically different haploid gametes.
Why is mitosis important for cancer?
Cancer arises when the cell cycle loses control and mitosis continues unchecked, forming a tumour.

Related terms

DNA

DNA is the double-helix molecule that stores genetic information as a sequence of four bases along a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Natural selection

Natural selection is the process by which organisms with advantageous inherited characteristics are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass those alleles on.

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