IGCSE Mathematics notes

IGCSE algebra covers expressions, equations, factorising, functions and graphs. It carries a large share of marks across both papers.

Number is the foundation of IGCSE Maths, covering standard form, percentages, ratio, indices and bounds used throughout every other topic.

IGCSE geometry combines angle rules, Pythagoras and trigonometry, extending to the sine and cosine rules for non-right-angled triangles.

Calculus on IGCSE (Edexcel Higher) introduces differentiation to find gradients of curves, turning points and rates of change.

Ratio compares quantities; proportion links them as they scale. Together they underpin scale drawings, recipes, rates and best-buy questions.

Probability measures how likely an event is, from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). IGCSE combines this with tree diagrams and set notation.

Statistics is about collecting, displaying and interpreting data. IGCSE covers averages, spread and a range of charts including cumulative frequency.

Sets are collections of objects. IGCSE tests set notation and Venn diagrams, including union, intersection, complement and probability from a Venn diagram.